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Study of Chinese Learners' Pedagogical Choices in Korean In addition to learner-internal influences, CLKs' awareness of their own resistance to change and the social ties they were able to draw from were significant. RIs from TS and ZL, for example mentioned their local professor relationship as the primary reason for their pragmatic decision to avoid criticism of a strict professor (see examples 2). This article reviews all local practical research on Korean until 2020. It focuses on key practical issues, including: Discourse Construction Tests The Discourse Completion Test (DCT) is a widely used instrument in pragmatic research. It has numerous advantages, but also a few disadvantages. The DCT for instance, does not take into account individual and cultural differences. Furthermore, the DCT is susceptible to bias and could cause overgeneralizations. It is important to carefully analyze the data before it is used for research or assessment. Despite its limitations, the DCT can be a useful tool for investigating the relationship between prosody and information structure in non-native speakers. The ability of the DCT in two or more stages to manipulate social variables that affect politeness is a plus. This ability can be used to study the impact of prosody in various cultural contexts. In the field of linguistics, DCT is among the most effective tools for analyzing communication behaviors of learners. It can be used to investigate various issues that include politeness, turn taking, and lexical choices. 프라그마틱슬롯 can be used to determine phonological complexity in learners in their speech. A recent study utilized the DCT to test EFL students' ability to resist. Participants were presented with a variety of scenarios to choose from, and then asked to choose the appropriate response. The authors found that the DCT was more efficient than other methods of refusal such as a questionnaire or video recordings. However, the researchers cautioned that the DCT should be employed with caution and include other types of methods for collecting data. DCTs can be designed with specific language requirements, like design and content. These criterion are intuitive and based on the assumptions of the test designers. They aren't always precise and could misrepresent how ELF learners respond to requests in real-world interactions. This issue calls for further research on alternative methods of assessing refusal competence. In a recent study, DCT responses to student requests via email were compared with the responses of an oral DCT. The results showed that DCTs favored more direct and conventionally-indirect request forms and used hints less than email data. Metapragmatic Questionnaires (MQs) This study examined Chinese learners' choices when it comes to using Korean through a variety of experimental tools, such as Discourse Completion Tasks (DCTs) as well as metapragmatic questionnaires and Refusal Interviews (RIs). Participants were 46 CLKs with upper-intermediate ability who provided responses to MQs and DCTs. They were also asked to reflect on their evaluation and refusal performance in RIs. The results showed that CLKs frequently chose to reject native Korean pragmatic norms. Their decisions were influenced primarily by four factors that included their personalities and multilingual identities, their ongoing lives as well as their relational affordances. These findings have pedagogical consequences for L2 Korean assessment. The MQ data was analyzed in order to identify the participants' choices in practice. The data were categorized according to Ishihara's (2010) definition of pragmatic resistance. Then, the selections were compared to their linguistic performance on the DCTs to determine whether they reflected pragmatic resistance or not. Interviewees also had to explain why they chose an atypical behavior in certain situations. The results of the MQs, DCTs and z-tests were analyzed with descriptive statistics and z tests. The CLKs were discovered to use euphemistic words like “sorry” or “thank you”. This could be due to their lack experience with the target languages, leading to an inadequate understanding of korean pragmatic norms. The results showed that CLKs' preference to differ from L1 and L2 norms or to move towards L1 varied depending on the DCT circumstances. For example, in Situation 3 and 12 the CLKs would prefer to diverge from both L1 as well as L2 pragmatic norms while in Situation 14 they favored a convergence to L1 norms. The RIs further revealed that the CLKs were aware of their pragmatism in every DCT situation. The RIs were conducted one-to-one basis within a period of two days of participants completing the MQs. The RIs, which were transcribed and recorded by two coders who were independent who then coded them. The coding process was iterative and involved the coders reading and discussing each transcript. The results of the coding process were compared to the original RI transcripts, giving an indication of how well the RIs were able to capture the fundamental behavior. Refusal Interviews (RIs) One of the major questions in pragmatic research is why learners are hesitant to adhere to native-speaker pragmatic norms. Recent research sought to answer this question using a variety of experiments, including DCTs MQs and RIs. Participants comprised 46 CLKs and 44 CNSs from five Korean Universities. They were asked to perform the DCTs in their first language and to complete the MQs in either their L1 or their L2. Then, they were invited to attend a RI where they were asked to reflect on their responses to the DCT situations. The results showed that CLKs on average, did not follow the norms of native speakers in more than 40 percent of their responses. They did this even though they could create native-like patterns. They were also aware of their pragmatism. They attributed their resistance to learner-internal variables such as their personalities and multilingual identities. They also spoke of external factors, such as relationships and affordances. For instance, they outlined how their relationships with professors helped facilitate a more relaxed performance in regards to the linguistic and intercultural rules of their university. The interviewees expressed concerns about the social pressures or consequences they could face if their local social norms were violated. They were concerned that their native counterparts may view them as “foreigners” and think they were ignorant. This concern was similar in nature to that expressed by Brown (2013) and Ishihara (2009). These findings suggest that native-speakers' pragmatic norms are not the default preference for Korean learners. They may still be useful for official Korean proficiency testing. Future researchers should reassess the usefulness of these tests in various cultural contexts and specific situations. This will help them better understand the effect of different cultural contexts on the behavior of students and classroom interactions of L2 students. This will also assist educators to develop better methods for teaching and testing Korean pragmatics. Seukhoon Paul Choi is principal advisor for Stratways Group, a geopolitical risk consulting firm based in Seoul. Case Studies The case study method is an investigational strategy that relies on participant-centered, deep investigations to investigate a particular subject. This method utilizes multiple data sources like interviews, observations and documents to prove its findings. This kind of research can be used to analyze unique or complex issues that are difficult to other methods to assess. In a case study, the first step is to define the subject as well as the objectives of the study. This will allow you to determine which aspects of the subject are important for investigation and which ones could be left out. It is also useful to study the research to gain a broad knowledge of the subject and place the situation within a larger theoretical framework. This case study was built on an open-source platform, the KMMLU Leaderboard [50], along with its Korean-specific benchmarks HyperCLOVA X and LDCC Solar (figure 1 below). The results of the experiment showed that L2 Korean students were extremely vulnerable to native models. They tended to select wrong answers that were literal interpretations of the prompts, which were not based on accurate pragmatic inference. They also showed a strong tendency of adding their own text or “garbage” to their responses. This also lowered the quality of their answers. Additionally, the participants in this study were L2 Korean learners who had achieved level 4 in the Test of Proficiency in Korean (TOPIK) in their second or third year at university and were hoping to achieve level 6 in their next attempt. They were questioned about their WTC/SPCC, their pragmatic awareness and understanding and their understanding of the world. The interviewees were presented with two scenarios, each of which involved a hypothetical interaction with their co-workers and were asked to select one of the following strategies to employ when making an inquiry. They were then asked to explain the reasoning behind their choice. Most of the participants attributed their lack of a pragmatic response to their personality. For example, TS claimed that she was hard to get close to, and therefore was reluctant to inquire about her interactant's well-being with a heavy workload despite the fact that she believed that native Koreans would do so.